The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen years.